The Annals of Social and Behavioural Sciences
The Annals of Social and Behavioural Sciences (ASBSJ) is an interdisciplinary journal whose principal goal is to publish insightful and game-changing scholarly work in the social and behavioural sciences. It is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal for publishing influential and original contributions. It publishes the following: Original Research Articles - containing original research results. Conclusions will be of wide enough significance to apply beyond the particular study site, and this should be made clear in the discussion (8,000 word limit, exclusive of tables, figures and references). Reviews should comprise a review of the state of knowledge regarding a regional or a country-wide or a continental or a global conservation problem (10,000 word limit). Short Reports/Communication - reporting results of original research which can be presented in a concise format and of interest without wide reference to theoretical or geographical context. This may be due to the fact that the study presents preliminary findings with a reduced sample size, is on a specialized subject matter or for other reasons. Results and Discussion sections may be conflated if so desired(4,000 word limit, exclusive of tables, figures and references). Commentaries and responses debating on published articles of up to 2,000 words. Special Issuesfrom time to time Guest Editors are invited to produce Special Issues consisting of 6 to 8 articles grouped around a common theme. Supplements of 6 to 8 articles.
The predictive effect of relational transparency on organizational resilience in the construction sector in Zimbabwe
The study investigated the extent to which relational transparency as a dimension of authentic leadership served as a predictor of organizational resilience within Zimbabwe’s construction sector. Motivated by the evident instability and high attrition rate among the construction firms in Zimbabwe, this study sought to examine whether the presence of relational transparency contributed to organizational adaptability and survival amid diversity. The research evidence, both international and local revealed a notable paucity of studies directly examining the intersection between relational transparency a key strand of authentic leadership and organizational resilience, particularly within the African context. The relational transparency variable has been fully conceptualized over time and over a number of fields but its measurement has remained relatively subjective. Drawing from the theory of authentic leadership and Organisational Resilience theory the study sought to determine how the dimension of relational transparency relatively advocated by Walumbwa et al., (2009.) enhances the adoptive capacity of the organisations in the construction sector. A cross-sectional research design was employed. The population was approximately 3000 companies in the construction sector. Using the Taro Yamne sample size formula, a study sample of 353 was used. Statistical analysis using a structural equation modelling (SEM) determined a significant positive relationship between relational transparency and organisational resilience (β = 0.276, p < 0.05). This paper positioned relational transparency, a key constituent of authentic leadership as a potentially critical and vital determinant of organizational resilience in settings inundated and experiencing volatility. The findings substantiated the hypothesis that relational transparency is a significant predictor of organizational resilience in the Zimbabwe construction industry, particularly during periods of crises and disruption. These results provided empirical support for integrating relational transparency as a constituency of authentic leadership into leadership development and crisis preparedness strategies within the sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Learnmore Tshamala , Obert Sifile , Stephen Nhuta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Corporate Governance Dynamics: The Role of Board Composition in Driving Sustainable Performance of Public Enterprises in Zimbabwe
This study explored corporate governance dynamics with a focus on how board composition influences the sustainable performance of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Zimbabwe. Amid widespread inefficiencies and corporate malpractices, the study developed and tested a conceptual model linking board effectiveness, governance transparency, gender diversity, and organizational performance. A mixed-methods approach was used, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data from 300 stakeholders across various Zimbabwean SOEs. Inferential statistical techniques, including regression analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), were employed to test the proposed hypotheses. Results show that board ineffectiveness significantly hampers performance, while governance transparency and gender diversity positively and significantly predict sustainable outcomes. The study also identified notable gender-based differences in perceptions of governance and economic stability, highlighting the importance of inclusive leadership. Based on these validated relationships, an implementation framework was proposed to guide reforms in board appointments, enhance transparency mechanisms, and promote gender-balanced leadership. This research provides policymakers and enterprise boards with an evidence-based roadmap to improve governance structures, increase accountability, and foster long-term sustainable performance in Zimbabwe’s public enterprises.
Copyright (c) 2026 Enock Chako , Obert Sifile , Nelia Eta Marima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
It is with great pleasure that we present Volume 6, Issue 2 of the Annals of Social and Behavioural Sciences Journal. This issue brings together a diverse collection of scholarly articles that reflect the dynamic intersections of governance, resilience, social inclusion, technology, and education within the Zimbabwean and regional context. Each contribution offers fresh insights into pressing challenges and opportunities facing institutions, communities, and industries.
Copyright (c) 2026 DR. N. Zengeni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
T THE VICIOUS COUNTERATTACK: HOW CORRUPTION FIGHTS BACK AGAINST ANTI-CORRUPTION EFFORTS IN ZIMBABWEAN STATE-OWNED ENTITIES (SOEs).
Despite numerous legal and institutional interventions, corruption remains entrenched in Zimbabwe’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs), affecting both public and private sectors. Current management and institutional systems have failed to effectively curb persistent corruption. Notably, limited scholarly attention has been given to crafting a governance-focused framework tailored to Zimbabwean SOEs. As a result, corruption continues to impair service delivery, economic progress, and citizens’ quality of life. This study employed qualitative content analysis to develop a governance-based institutional framework to address corruption in SOEs. Drawing on 30 empirical studies, it applied multiple theoretical lenses, chiefly X-inefficiency Theory, alongside Institutional, Stakeholder, and Expectancy theories. The findings revealed systemic corruption, driven by political interference, lack of political will, and fragile regulatory structures. Barriers such as policy voids, weak legislation, resource limitations, community disengagement, and negative perceptions were also identified. The study proposes a multi-dimensional framework involving stakeholder engagement, international benchmarking, SOE reform, regulatory enhancement, and capacity building. It also recommends boosting political commitment, investing in evidence-based research, establishing independent oversight bodies, and reinforcing the rule of law. Further research is needed to identify practical strategies for implementing these recommendations. Key Words: Corruption, anti-corruption, Anti-corruption framework, state enterprises and governance approach
Copyright (c) 2025 Tapiwa Manyika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gender perception towards the use of mobile phones for accessing information on agriculture in Binga, Zimbabwe
In many African communities, gender disparities exist in how farmers access and use mobile phones for agricultural communication. Women in these communities often have limited access to mobile phones, despite playing a significant role in today's information-driven agriculture. This highlights the need for increased efforts to improve women’s access to mobile technologies for agricultural purposes. Currently, no research has been conducted on gender-based mobile phone use for agricultural communication in Zimbabwe. This study aimed to compare mobile phone use among male and female farmers in the Binga District, Zimbabwe. The modified Rural Technology Acceptance Model served as the study's theoretical framework. Using a mixed-methods approach guided by pragmatic epistemology, the research aimed to generate practical knowledge to address real-world issues related to gender disparities in mobile phone use for agricultural communication in Binga. This approach helped researchers develop strategies to address challenges farmers face in using mobile phones. The survey covered 1659 households in the Lubu and Kariyangwe communities. Chi-square tests examined relationships between variables. Results showed that more women than men enjoyed using mobile phones and found them helpful for agricultural communication, whereas more men than women found mobile phones easy to use for this purpose. Additionally, behavioral intention to use mobile phones for agrarian communication was higher among women. The challenges women face in accessing these technologies highlight the need for increased investment in public-private initiatives to expand access in rural areas. Such programs should include training to improve women's skills in using mobile phones for agricultural information. Furthermore, reducing data costs or providing subsidized data and text services for rural farmers was also suggested
Copyright (c) 2026 Elisha Mupaikwa, Kelvin Joseph Bwalya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Civil Registration and Social Inclusion: Challenges faced by SADC migrants in the host country of Zimbabwe.
This study aimed to examine the challenges faced by immigrants in accessing civil registration documents in the host country and how these challenges negatively affect their well-being, such as by excluding them from essential necessities of life. The focus on civil documentation access was chosen because obtaining these documents opens access to many other rights vital for migrants' well-being in the host country. Civil documentation promotes migrants' social inclusion. The study used a qualitative approach; data were collected from Zimbabwe’s Midlands Province, Kwekwe District, focusing on migrants from SADC states. Key informants were purposively selected, and data were analysed through content analysis. The study identified major challenges, including failure to provide required documentation, rising intermarriages, attitudes of civil registry officers, lack of decentralized birth registration systems, and language barriers. It also highlighted exclusion from economic and political rights, social protection, education, and health as significant consequences of civil documentation-related statelessness. The study, therefore, recommends that policymakers address this issue urgently, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the country’s development aims.
Copyright (c) 2026 Respect Celestine Jongwe, Chipo Plaxedes Mubaya, Patience Mutopo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Virtual Library Services utilisation in state universities in Zimbabwe: Library Staff perspectives.
In developing countries, universities face unique challenges in providing effective services to their stakeholders. This study investigates library staff's perspectives on the utilization of virtual library services in universities. The study adopted an interpretative paradigm that advocates a qualitative approach. Through telephonic interviews, the study explores the experiences, perceptions, and insights of library professionals working in Zimbabwean university libraries. The researchers interviewed 14 librarians from Zimbabwean universities by phone. They analysed the data using thematic analysis. The findings reveal factors that influence the adoption of virtual library services, including technological infrastructure, digital literacy, budget constraints, and organizational culture. Library staff argue that virtual services improve access to information resources, enhance user engagement, and increase operational efficiency. However, they also identify barriers, such as limited technological capabilities, lack of user awareness, and resistance to change. The study provides valuable insights into the current state of virtual library service utilization from the perspective of library staff. The findings contribute to understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing virtual library services in developing countries, helping policymakers, university administrators, and library professionals. The study informs policy development that promotes the adoption of virtual library services, increasing accessibility and usage for stakeholders. It also highlights the challenges faced by virtual library managers and users of virtual services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hazvinei Mahwani, DR., Prof, Prof https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Navigating Constraints and Unleashing Potential
The study's goal was to document the difficulties that young unregistered traders in Zimbabwe's Chinhoyi town confront. The lack of focus on the difficulties encountered by young informal merchants by local and national regulatory bodies served as the impetus for the study. Since this study draws on the everyday experiences of young informal traders and their navigation of the complex issues they face, we feel it broadens our knowledge of the challenges these individuals face. The study, which used a qualitative research approach and focus groups, in depth interviews, and documentary analysis as data generation tools, discovered that young informal traders face a number of difficulties, including a lack of funding, harassment from local authorities, a lack of mentorship, and competition from more established traders. Thus, the study found and came to the conclusion that young entrepreneurs use a variety of survival techniques in this challenging environment, including borrowing money from friends and family and depending on a wide range of mentorship and coaching programs from diverse sources. The report suggests that the public and private sectors shoulder the burden of fostering these budding entrepreneurs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tatenda Siansonga, Promise Vimbiso Machine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Querying the Colonial Factor in Zimbabwe’s Prime Tourist Destination Toponym
The naming of Zimbabwe’s prime tourist destinations has remained underexplored in tourism research, despite its centrality to cultural identity and heritage representation. The majority of these destinations, such as Victoria Falls, Kariba Dam, and Hwange National Park, bear colonial or anglicised names that obscure indigenous meanings and histories. While a wave of toponymic reforms during post-independence Zimbabwe (1980s–1990s) swept through schools, roads, and government buildings, tourist destinations were largely exempted, signalling the persistence of an "imperial hook" designed to attract traditional international markets. This study was motivated by the need to interrogate how colonial toponyms destabilise the cultural and traditional rubric of Zimbabwe’s tourism landscape and to question the silences in renaming policies. Using a qualitative approach, the research examined the cultural, historical, and political implications of naming practices in major tourist sites. Findings reveal that colonial naming practices continue to distort heritage meanings and weaken local ownership of tourism resources. The study promotes a decolonial approach that prefers the use of endonyms to exonyms, thereby consolidating community identity and fostering socio-economic development. In addressing the colonial legacy of tourism toponyms, the research contributes to ongoing debates on decolonisation, heritage preservation, and sustainable tourism development in Zimbabwe.
Copyright (c) 2025 Patricia Mumbengegwi, Jacob Mapara, Candida.C . Chipotereke, Odmell Chipungu, Doreen Mtanga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Environmental Impacts of Ecotourism in Zimbabwe's National Parks
With a focus on sustainability and conservation, ecotourism has developed into a major driver of global economic growth. But it's still unclear how it impacts on national parks, especially in Zimbabwe. With a focus on Mana Pools and Hwange National Parks, this study analyzes the environmental effects of ecotourism operations in Zimbabwe's national parks. The research employed qualitative methodology, using in-depth interviews with main stakeholders, including local community members and park authorities. Thematic analysis was applied to interpret the data, revealing both positive and negative effects of ecotourism. Findings indicate that ecotourism activities, such as guided safaris, canoeing, birdwatching, and cultural tourism, generate revenue for conservation and community development. However, these activities also present environmental problems, such as pollution, disturbance of wildlife, and habitat degradation. Techniques like strengthening community involvement, enforcing visitor carrying capacities, and upgrading infrastructure were suggested as ways to lessen these effects. The study emphasizes the necessity of well-balanced ecotourism regulations that uphold socioeconomic advantages while giving ecological integrity top priority. Adopting certification programs, enhancing environmental education, and cultivating alliances for sustainable management are some of the recommendations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oddmell Chipungu, Charity Mapingure, Cecilia Marikite, Mirirai Masviba, Candida Chipotereke, Patricia Mumbengegwi, Lucy Karangura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Examining the Efficiency of Fuel Management on Service Delivery within Local Authorities in Zimbabwe
The study sought to examine the efficiency of fuel management on service delivery within local authorities in Zimbabwe. A quantitative methodology accompanied by a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was deployed to collect data from four local authorities within Harare Metropolitan Province. The stratified random sampling technique was utilized to define the sample of 347 participants, with the aid of RAOSOFT sample size calculator. SPSS (version 20) software was used for analysing data. The study findings indicate that, inefficient fuel management processes significantly contributed to poor service delivery. Also, the results showed a significant positive correlation between efficient fuel management practices and service delivery. It therefore follows that; enhanced service delivery tends to correlate positively with improved fuel management practices. The results suggest that prioritizing efficient fuel management processes optimizes resource allocation which in turn enhance service delivery performance within local authorities. Consequently, the study recommends the implementation of electronic fuel monitoring systems to streamline fuel management process thereby improving transparency and accountability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tenson Kachilala, Marian Tukuta, Maria Tsvere https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of Business Ethics and Corporate Governance on Various Aspects of Public Procurement within Urban Local Authorities in Zimbabwe
This study is an assessment of the impact of business ethics and corporate governance on various aspects of public procurement within urban local authorities. Guided by the agency theory, the research aimed to establish how adherence to ethical guidelines and governance principles influences procurement outcomes. Through a quantitative research design involving the distribution of a questionnaire to procurement managers, the study unravelled both positive and negative effects of business ethics and governance on procurement processes. A sample size of 323 participants out of a target population of 2000 using Raosoft sampling technique were randomly selected from 5 urban local authorities in Harare Metropolitan Province. The study found a negative relationship between business ethics, and transparency and accountability in procurement, suggesting that as adherence to business ethics decreases, transparency and accountability tend to decrease. The study also found that strong corporate governance practices may lead to increased efficiency in procurement processes. In conclusion, the study emphasized the importance of a balanced approach that takes into account contextual factors when implementing ethical standards and governance principles in public procurement
Copyright (c) 2025 Dezmore Nyeke, Obert Sifile, Kudzanai Matowanyika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Despite numerous anti-corruption mechanisms within the Zimbabwean State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), little can be ascertained about the manner in which corruption proactively resists and adapts to such interventions. While prior research focuses on prevalence and effect, few examine the dynamic, vengeful processes by which corruption forestalls reform. This study bridges this gap by analyzing the ways in which corruption "pushes back" in global, African, and Zimbabwean SOEs, analyzing strategies such as lawfare, political intrusion, propaganda, infiltration of anti-corruption agencies, and intimidation of whistleblowers. Drawing on qualitative content analysis of recent literature, the study identifies patterns and localized dynamics and concludes that corruption evolves in step with governance reforms and is inclined to employ state machinery and legal instruments to stall accountability. In Zimbabwe, these are further exacerbated by lack of institutional resilience, elite complicity, and limited international enforcement. The report emphasizes the need for adaptive anti-corruption, in the form of greater institutional insulation, regional and international legal cooperation, and immunity for reformers. The study contributes theoretically by shifting corruption as an actor, in practice by outlining resilient anti-corruption system design, and policy-wise by encouraging political will, effective legal systems, and civic empowerment in SOEs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tapiwa Manyika, Nelia. E. Marima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluating the Impact of Board Members' Attributes on Corporate Governance
This study evaluated the impact of public entity board attributes on organisational performance of state entities in Zimbabwe, guided by the Upper Echelon Theory. Boards have been criticised for scandals that contributed to persistent losses. A pragmatist philosophy, mixed methods approach, and cross-sectional survey design were adopted. The study targeted permanent secretaries, executive and non-executive board members, using a sample of 261 participants for quantitative data and 25 for qualitative data. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews, with reliability tested using Cronbach’s alpha (α). Analysis was conducted in SPSS Version 25 and AMOS Version 21. Findings showed that age, gender balance, limits on membership and tenure, strong leadership, and sound ethics significantly influence performance. Visionary leadership and ethical standards emerged as critical for public entity success. Gender diversity was linked to improved profitability, innovation, decision-making, and risk awareness, while age diversity brought innovation, risk-taking, and leadership continuity. The study recommends introducing an age diversity policy for boards to enhance energy and innovation. Future research could explore the effectiveness of board appointment systems in Zimbabwe’s private sector
Copyright (c) 2025 Garikai Manyeruke, Obert Sifile, Tinashe Ruvinga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
We are drowning in information, while starving for wisdom. The world henceforth will be run by synthesizers, people able to put together the right information at the right time, think critically about it, and make important choices wisely.” — Edward O. Wilson, Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (1998)
Copyright (c) 2025 Patrick Walter Mamimine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ASSESSING CONSTRAINTS TO ADOPTION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES BY STATE OWNED ENTERPRISE IN ZIMBABWE
Despite the implementation of various legal frameworks and institutional measures to promote corporate governance practices, poor governance habits remain deeply rooted in both the public and private sectors. This paper examines the main obstacles that prevent the adoption of effective governance frameworks in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) by drawing on theoretical perspectives, case studies, and international practices. Evidence from the study suggests that SOEs could be a foundation for economic growth if not for the poor corporate governance practices. These issues are driven by factors such as political interference, lack of political will, weak rules and regulations governing SOEs, among other challenges that obstruct the adoption of good governance. The findings emphasize the importance of engaging stakeholders to secure their support for policies, learning from best practices elsewhere, building capacity, and increasing political will—among various strategies—to improve corporate governance in SOEs. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to explore how these strategies can be effectively used to promote good corporate governance in SOEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Honest Sibanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION IN INNOVATION IN CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM
Cultural heritage tourism is a vital sector that fosters cultural preservation, economic development, and intercultural exchange. However, the industry faces significant challenges, including sustainability, authenticity, and visitor engagement, necessitating innovative approaches to remain competitive. This paper explores the role of stakeholder collaboration in driving innovation within cultural heritage tourism, with a specific focus on Zimbabwe. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as Stakeholder Theory, Collaboration Theory, Innovation Theory, Sustainable Tourism Theory, and Institutional Theory, the study highlights how multi-stakeholder engagement can enhance site management, visitor experiences, and sustainable development. Through a systematic literature review of 100 peer-reviewed journals published between 2000 and 2025, the paper identifies key stakeholders, including local communities, government agencies, private sector players, and international organizations, and examines their roles in fostering innovation. The review prioritized studies focusing on cultural heritage tourism, stakeholder collaboration, and innovation, with a geographic emphasis on developing countries, particularly Zimbabwe, while excluding non-peer-reviewed articles, non-English publications, and outdated studies. Case studies from Zimbabwe, such as community-based tourism initiatives at Great Zimbabwe and Matobo Hills, illustrate the benefits of participatory governance and the integration of indigenous knowledge systems. The study also emphasizes the transformative potential of digital technologies, such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), in overcoming infrastructural deficits and enhancing visitor engagement. The findings underscore the importance of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and inclusive policy frameworks in mobilizing resources and ensuring equitable benefits for local communities. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research, including adaptive governance models, comparative studies across regions, and the impact of digital technologies on cultural preservation and commercialization. By offering insights into the Zimbabwean context, this study contributes to the broader discourse on stakeholder collaboration and innovation in cultural heritage tourism, providing practical strategies for sustainable and inclusive tourism development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laura Simbisai Dongo, Professor, Professor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Examination of Production Challenges Faced by Clothing Manufacturing Companies in Zimbabwe Towards a Competitive Strategy
The Zimbabwe Clothing manufacturing sector is struggling to survive and produce competitive products due to the economic down turn. The study aimed at examining the challenges faced by the clothing manufacturing companies in Zimbabwe with the aim o suggesting strategies that could be implemented to improve competitiveness of clothing products for the market. Qualitative research approach and a descriptive case study research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised managers, supervisors and designers purposively selected from five clothing manufacturing companies in Harare, Zimbabwe. The sample was made up of twenty-one participants. Data was gathered using telephonic interviews. The study found out that the clothing manufacturing industries were facing challenges of low quality fashion products, simple designs, outdated machinery, poor infrastructure, high rates of imports and high inflation rate. It was suggested that the clothing manufacturing industry may implement strategies like product differentiation and new product development using advanced technologies to improve competitiveness of products on the market among other recommendations
Copyright (c) 2025 C. Mauwa, T. Dandira , F. Chimbindi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Review of some aspects of the ecology, population trends, socioeconomic complexities and conservation options for Temminck's pangolins in Zimbabwe
Temminck's pangolin, Smutsia temminckii (Smuts), 1832 is a widespread mammal in eastern and southern Africa, and is the most trafficked animal in Zimbabwe despite enforcement of stringent laws and regulations. Nonetheless, there has been little research on the pangolins in Zimbabwe. The aim of this literature review was to assess some ecological aspects, population trends, socioeconomic and cultural complexities and conservation options for Temminck's pangolin in Zimbabwe. The review found that despite intense focus on poaching and trafficking threats affecting Temminck's pangolins, there were few attempts to assess the ecological behaviour and establish accurate population estimates and exact distribution inside and outside of protected areas. Furthermore, decades of economic meltdown in tandem with politically-driven land-use and land-cover transformations have disintegrated previously intact pangolin habitats, and societal and cultural endearment and reverence for pangolins in the country. Consequently, the lure of lucrative poaching and trafficking syndicates has outpaced law enforcement and usurped well-meaning conservation efforts, in the process threatening the pangolin population. Commercial pangolin farming for ecotourism, pangolin product substitution and explanatory and informative pangolin education awareness initiatives are new potentially viable, but unexplored future research, options for conserving pangolins in the country. It is recommended to use valid indirect methods for long-term assessment of the ecology, population trends and distribution of pangolins for sustainable conservation. Citizen science integration in developing a cogent National Pangolin Policy is vital to redress ecological and socioeconomic, cultural and political complexities threatening Temminck's pangolin conservation in Zimbabwe.
Copyright (c) 2025 B. Utete https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The effects of critical success factors on effective strategy implementation in organisations
Effective strategy implementation is very critical for every organisation, be it in the private or public sector, profit or non-profit, small to medium enterprise or large corporate. Despite its importance in supporting organisational performance, and ascertaining sustainable growth and development, effective strategy implementation has remained elusive for most organisations. This study is an expository discourse on some of the critical success factors that have been proved to enhance the effectiveness of strategy implementation, with a view to continuously improving organisational performance and ascertaining sustainable growth and development. The methodology in this study is an integrative literature review, which entails a critical examination of both theoretical and empirical literature that authenticate the veracity of these critical success factors and the significance of their contribution towards strategy implementation success. Findings from the analysis of empirical literature affirm that organisations that meticulously and diligently pay attention to these critical success factors attain better results in strategy implementation compared to those that do not. The study concludes that while the application of these critical success factors may vary from one organisation to the other, a conscientious focus on, and meticulous application thereof can have significant positive effect on the success of strategy implementation, resulting in improved organisation performance, sustainable growth and development. It is also concluded in this study that these critical success factors are interdependent and complementary in their contribution towards effective strategy implementation, and should, thus, not be focused on in isolation. It is therefore recommended that organisations that desire to improve the effectiveness of their strategy implementation pay closer attention to these critical success factors.
Copyright (c) 2025 J. Tapera , C. Makanyeza , Z. Muranda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Systematic challenges for implementing a broader digital tax policy in Zimbabwe
The world has been grappling to develop an international consensus-based framework for the taxation of the digital economy since 1996 however a concrete solution is yet to be found. Upon realising the potential revenue, Zimbabwe implemented a unilateral tax policy. The revenue realised from such policies however does not match the potential that could be realised. The objective of this study was to examine challenges of implementing a broader digital tax policy in Zimbabwe. The study adopted a qualitative approach because the study was explorative. Data was collected using in depth interviews. The population of the study consisted of tax experts drawn from the Zimbabwe revenue authority (ZIMRA), private sector tax practitioners, development partners supporting taxation administration programs in the country and Civic Society Organisations (CSOs) interested in the area of the taxation. Based on the principle of saturation, a total of 12 tax experts were interviewed. A six-stage thematic analysis was used to analyse data. The study revealed that the systematic challenges that are hindering Zimbabwe from enacting a broader digital tax policy are lack of information, lack of technology and the unilateral stance Zimbabwe has adopted. The study concluded that these challenges can be addressed. Notwithstanding this, international co-operation is paramount.
Copyright (c) 2025 J. Ndhlovu, E. Muguti , I. Nzero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Status of vegetation structure and composition of Mukuvisi Woodlands in Harare (Zimbabwe)
Vegetation structure and composition influence the suitability and availability of unique habitats for different wildlife species especially in closed environments. The main objective of this study was to establish the current status of vegetation structure and composition, in Mukuvisi Woodlands, an urban green space in Harare (Zimbabwe). Three distinct vegetation types were selected; riverine, woodland and grassland. Random sampling within the strata was employed so as to cover as much disparity in landscape as possible. A total of 15 plots measuring 20m x 30m were sampled for the woody vegetation while four 1m x 1m plots were sampled for the grasses within each of the 15 vegetation plots in Mukuvisi Woodland between February and May 2017. A total of 33 tree species were recorded in all the plots. The average tree height was 5.88m and 7.39m in woodland and riverine vegetation respectively. Dominance and evenness significantly differed between habitat types with woodlands having the highest dominance and riverine vegetation having the lowest evenness (p<0.05). A total of 30 grass species were recorded. Diversity and evenness of grass species was not significantly different in the three vegetation types (woodland, grassland and riverine; ANOVA, p>0.05). The percentage grass cover was 67.5% for woodland, 67.29% for riverine and 88.25% for the grassland. The grassland in Mukuvisi Woodland is mixed but is currently dominated by decreaser grass species of low palatability with high moribund accumulation. Active management should be applied and also aim at controlling decreaser species such as S. Pryamidallis as well as to maintain good number of grazers and browsers.
Copyright (c) 2025 A. Chanyandura, W .T. Muchiriri, B. Manwere, T. Mwedzi, A. Goronga, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Tourist perspectives of the culinary tourism product of Zimbabwe
Culinary tourism has necessitated the development and use of local food as a gateway to a destination's cultural heritage. In culinary tourism, tourists travel to experience unique and authentic culinary traditions. The uniqueness is in the manner in which the cuisine is prepared, produced and presented. Destinations are using their local foods to bring out that uniqueness, luring tourists to visit them. However, in Zimbabwe the destination is seemingly less visible as an attraction on local food. Since time immemorial, tourist resort areas like Victoria Falls have been the main attraction for tourists visiting Zimbabwe. Besides the provision of local foods such as game meat, mushrooms, fish and local vegetables and a few food activities held, not much is known about the destination's culinary heritage. In fact, culinary tourism is still in its infancy in Zimbabwe. This study therefore used a quantitative research methodology to explore the culinary heritage of Zimbabwe. Data was collected from local and international tourists in Victoria Falls and Harare using a closed ended questionnaire. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 23, Findings indicated that culinary tourism was not yet an attraction for tourists visiting Zimbabwe. The results showed that though most hotels and restaurants were providing indigenous cuisines, there was limited variety, the prices were not favourable, and the cuisines' authenticity was also questionable. Implications of these results was that a lot needs to be done to illuminate the uniqueness of Zimbabwe's culinary heritage.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Nyarota , R. Musundire, C. Kazembe, O. Chikuta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Supply Chain Market Linkage Strategies for Small Holder Tomato Producers in Zimbabwe
There is a lack of coordinated market linkages to assist the smallholder farmer, especially tomato producers in Zimbabwe. The study's goal was to establish supply chain market linkage strategies for small-holder tomato producers in Zimbabwe using a qualitative approach informed by the interpretivism paradigm. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from 24 participants, which consisted of smallholder tomato producers, Zimbabwe Farmers Union district managers, and Market Linkage Association of Zimbabwe representatives. Data were analysed using the thematic approach to analysis of qualitative data. The findings pointed to the need for reduction in communication and transport costs, adopting technology to reduce pre-marketing processing costs, linking farmers to the value chain, take advantage of ICT to market produce, launching educational programs for farmers on the value chain system and finally training farmers in marketing function.
Copyright (c) 2025 K. Kondo, L. Chikazhe, W. Manyanga, M. Hwami, T. F. Munyimi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
This issue presents a cocktail of fascinating themes covering a broad spectrum of disciplines such as supply chain, marketing, statistics, plant ecology, riparian ecology, culinary heritage tourism, digital tax, organisational strategy and sustainable food heritage tourism. Without much ado, let me give you a bird's eye view of the intellectual conundrums explored in this issue.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Patrick W. Mamimine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Annals of Social and Behavioural Sciences Issue 4 (1), 2022
This is the full issue of the ASBS journal volume 4, issue 1 published in 2022.
Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Packaging natural springs into community hubs for wellness and spa tourism
Natural springs in Makonde district are generally remotely located, with poor infrastructure and undervalued as assets to Wellness and Spa tourism development in Zimbabwe. The strategies for packaging these natural springs into community hubs for Wellness and Spa tourism has remained a gap to be exploited for development. Therefore, this study explored strategies that could be adopted to package the natural springs to optimise their appeal for Wellness and Spa tourism. The research was carried out in the Makonde district of Mashonaland West province in Zimbabwe. The study adopted an exploratory case study design. It involved four (4) sites including one hundred and fifty (150) respondents purposively and conveniently selected from the members of the host communities, traditional demand leaders, academics and officers from the tourism industry. Data was collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, accidental observations and it was thematically analysed. Findings unveiled strategies that could be adopted to increase the demand for Wellness and Spa tourism included infrastructure development, research and innovation, product and site marketing, community socialisation and involvement. The study concluded that the proposed strategies have the potential to transform natural springs in Makonde district into community hubs for Wellness and Spa tourism. Therefore, there is need to develop a model for packaging the product so as to increase the demand for Wellness and Spa activities for tourism.
The challenges of adopting afforestation as an alternative and sustainable land use for economic development
Afforestation is an important aspect of silviculture whereas, globally its broad adoption as an alternative land use option for economic development is still a dream away. Many countries across the globe have `bad land’ and `underutilised land’ which could be considered for afforestation as one land use option with great economic potential. Despite the growing significance of afforestation in the development discourse world-wide, its uptake by farmers as an economic activity of tremendous ecosystem value and services remains a peripheral consideration. Hence based on a critical qualitative content analysis of literature reviewed for a Doctor of Philosophy thesis, this paper explores the challenges behind the dispirited adoption of afforestation globally, as an alternative land use option for economic development. Results of the content analysis point to the economic value of afforestation not being fully exploited due to the farmers’ ignorance of the benefits of afforestation, anachronistic cultural attitudes, institutional and capacity challenges, lack of education and training, aversion to long term investment, ignorance of existence of funding partners in afforestation, lack of adequate extension services, insecure land tenure arrangements for forest land and wildlife menace. Out of these challenges, a close analysis point to primarily three challenges being of critical importance to deal with in order for humanity to trigger a world-wide adoption of afforestation as an alternative land use for economic development. These are security of tenure on forest land, access to extension services and access to capital.
A review of performance management systems in higher education institutions across the globe
A concern has been raised that African countries have been copying and using tools that are developed in the West and these have not added value to concerned institutions in developing countries. As a result of this copy and paste tendency, Performance Management Systems (PMS) used in developing countries are obsolete to the extent that there is no accountability of staff with regards to their performance. This paper is based on a review of literature on Performance Management Systems in higher education institutions (HEIs). It is an extract from a project whose major objective was to develop a bespoke Performance Management System that can be used for quality assurance and its enhancement in Higher Education Institutions. The articles were identified through a systematic literature review by searching for key terms on the EBSCOhost data base using key words and backward snowballing. The findings are that performance management in higher education can be improved by taking the strengths of the current systems and adopt them to current conditions. Furthermore, the systems can be further improved with the aid of information and communication technology tools.
Re-thinking ecotourism and community development
Many ecotourism projects have been funded and undertaken in developing countries, but their success and actual benefits to the local communities are hardly evaluated. This study evaluates ecotourism as a community development strategy using the case study of Ngomakurira Hills Project in Goromonzi District, Zimbabwe. The evaluation was conducted using in-depth interviews carried out between January and March 2016 and the data were analysed using the thematic approach. The main findings of the study were that ecotourism contributed to the expansion and capacitation of small business enterprises which opened employment opportunities for local people. Despite the success registered by the ecotourism project, its benefits were not evenly distributed among the community members thereby orchestrating community polarization. For the project to contribute substantially to community development, the study recommends the development of a sustainable ecotourism model which could ensure the sustainability of the project as well as sustainable community support for the project by enhancing trans-generational preservation of natural and cultural resources, and equitable distribution of ecotourism benefits.