Poultry endogenous biosurfactants based feed additive, a potential counter to Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) challenge

a review

Abstract

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic microbial secretions containing surface-active biomolecules produced on living surfaces, such as microbial cell surfaces or extracellular surfaces. They possess a variety of characteristics that enable secreting microorganisms to withstand a variety of stressful situations, allowing them to conquer a variety of habitats. Biosurfactants also allow secreting microorganisms to destabilize other bacteria in competition for clinging surfaces, habitats, and substrates, ensuring their survival. Periods of extreme stress are unavoidable in birds, resulting in dysbacteriosis and the production of biofilms by less helpful bacteria. This stressful environment causes a broiler's feed utilization efficiency and immunity to be weakened, increasing the risk of coccidiosis. Farmers utilize a number of antimicrobial treatments to combat decreased immunity and performance, which could lead to drug residue in meat and other poultry products. Residual drugs will exacerbate antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR), which is believed to be around 60% in Zimbabwean cities. The researchers were inspired to look into endogenous biosurfactants after learning about the interesting properties of bacterial metabolites. A desk top study was carried out primarily employing sources to uncover the potential of biosurfactants in the twenty-first century. Many researchers were found to be employing exogenous microorganisms, and the majority of their studies were aimed at cleaning up polluted places.  Biosurfactants have a number of features that are relevant to agriculture. Less study has been done on the advantages of endogenous biosurfactants.  Biosurfactants are secreted by a variety of microorganisms, primarily bacteria.  It is necessary to identify biosurfactant-secreting microbial species and describe their microbial secretions. For the poultry sector, a biosurfactant-based feed supplement can be developed to help combat antimicrobial resistance.